高等学校英语应用能力考试(A级)语法考点
高等学校英语应用能力考试（ A 级） 语法考点
测试项目、内容、题型及时间分配表：
| 序号 | 测试项目 | 题号 | 测试内容 | 题型 | 百分比 | 时间分配 |
| Ⅰ | 听力理解 | 1-15 | 对话、会话、短文 | 多项选择、填空、简答 | 15% | 15 分钟 |
| Ⅱ | 语法结构 | 16-35 | 句法结构、语法、词形变化 | 多项选择、填空、改错 | 15% | 15 分钟 |
| Ⅲ | 阅读理解 | 36-60 | 语篇，包括一般性及应用性文字 | 多项选择、填空、简答、匹配 | 35% | 40 分钟 |
| Ⅳ | 英译汉 | 61-65 | 句子和段落 | 多项选择、段落翻译 | 20% | 25 分钟 |
| Ⅴ |
写作 / 汉译英 | 应用性文字（摘要、通告、信函、简历表、申请书、协议书等）翻译。 | 套写、书写、填写或翻译 | 15% | 25 分钟 | |
| 合计 | 65+1 | 100% | 120 分钟 | |||
英语 A 级语法大全：
第一节 大学英语三级考试语法部分简介
一、大纲要求
大学英语三级考试大纲对语法的要求是：进一步加深和扩大中学学过的语法知识，侧重其在阅读和翻译中的应用。
二、考查范围
三级语法考题的涉及面广。考试范围为《浙江省高等学校英语三级考试大纲》所附结构表的内容。
在语法结构表中，详细列出了高等专科英语课程教学阶段需要进一步巩固加深的语法项目，主要涉及如下语法点：限定词、名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、介词、动词、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、一致关系、句子种类 ( 简单句、并列句和复合句 ) 、强调句型、省略、倒装、构词法和标点等十七个方面。本书逐一介绍各类试题的设计特点 ( 题型 ) 及解题技巧。
在大学英语三级考试中，虽然题目千变万化，但是万变不离其宗，只要仔细分析，就会发现这些题目其实基本上都是时态、形容词与副词、名问、一致关系和虚拟语气、非谓语动词、倒装句、复合句 ( 连接手段 ) 的各种变化形式。本书在逐一介绍各类试题的设计特点 ( 题型 ) 及解题技巧的同时，还侧重对上述几类语法变化形式在历届真题中的考点作详细分析。
| 语法测试项目 | 所占比例 |
| 复合句 ( 主语从句、定语从句、状语从句 ) | 21 ％ |
| 虚拟语气 | 8 ． 3 ％ |
| 时态和语态 | 10 ． 8 ％ |
| 非谓语动词 ( 分词、动名词、不定式 ) | 23 ． 3 ％ |
| 一致关系 | 2 ． 5 ％ |
| 倒装句 | 6 ． 7 ％ |
| 形容词与副词 | 5 ． 8 ％ |
| 强调 | 2 ． 5 ％ |
| 名词和限定词 | 2 ． 5 ％ |
| 倍数 | 1 ． 7 ％ |
| 省略 | 0 ． 8 ％ |
| 情态动词 | 2 ． 5 ％ |
| 反意疑问句 | 0 ． 8 ％ |
| 代词 | 5 ％ |
| 介词 | 0 ． 8 ％ |
最常考点：非谓语动词，虚拟语气，名词性从句，倒装句（部倒），时态，词形转换
非谓语动词：
近几年的语法测试中非谓语动词约占 31 。 1% ，平均每年近 5 道题，可谓是语法项目考查的重点，那么非谓语动词的考查都有哪些特点，解答时又应注意些什么呢 ? 下面我和大家就一起来分析一下：
1 、非谓语动词考查特点
1) 谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断
对谓语动词与非谓语动词区别的考查主要集中在独立主格结构，如：
all things ___ because of the snowstorm ， many passengers could do nothing but take the train 。
a 。 had been canceled b 。 have been canceled
c 。 were canceled d 。 having been canceled
四个选项中有三个是谓语动词，只有 d 是非谓语动词，只要同学们能判断出这里是非谓语动词做状语，则不用考虑时态的问题，答案自明。
2) 谓语动词后不定式与动名词的选择
谓语动词后接不定式还是接动名词也是四级语法测试中的一个题眼。如：
① i don ‘ t mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late 。
a 。 you to delay making b 。 you delaving making
c 。 your delaying to make d 。 you delay to make
② had i remembered ____ the windows ， the thief would not have got in 。
a 。 to close b 。 closing
c 。 to have closed d 。 having closed
③ your hair wants ______ 。 you ‘ d better have it done tomorrow 。
a 。 cut b 。 to cut c 。 cutting d 。 being cut(1997 。 6)
这类题涉及三个方面：
谓语动词后应该接不定式还是动名词 ?
即可接不定式又可接动名词时，结构和意思上有何差别 ?
不定式与动名词用主动形式还是用被动形式 ?
3) 做定语的非谓语动词的选择
从近几年的考查情况来看，对做定语的非谓语动词的考查有两种情况：
(1) 对一般概念的考查，而不是固定结构中的非谓语动词做定语。如：
① the project ____ by the end of 2000 ， will expand the city ‘ s
telephone network to cover 1 ， 000 ， 000 users 。
a 。 accomplished b 。 being accomplished
c 。 to be accomplished d 。 having been accomplished
② if i correct someone ， i will do it with so much good humd
and self-restraint as if i were the one ______ 。
a 。 to correct b 。 correcting
c 。 having been corrected d 。 being corrected
同学们只要掌握非谓语动词作定语的一般的规律，就可以判断①题答案为 c ，②题答案为 d 。
(2) 对固定结构的考查，如：
① the professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his
arguments in favor of the new theory 。
a 。 to be based on b 。 to base on
c 。 which to base on d 。 on which to base
② the pressure _____ causes americans to be energetic ， but it
also puts them under a constant emotional strain 。
a 。 to compete b 。 competing
c 。 to be competed d 。 having competed
①题为不定式做定语的固定形式，答案为 d ，②题为某些特定名词的定语结构，答案为 a 。在英语中有些名词，如动词变来的名词，形容词变来的名词，以及 means ， way ， time ， moment ， reason 等要求其后用不定式做定语，不定式没有体的变化。
4) 做状语的非谓语动词的选择
做状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的选择，如：
① ______ the earth to be flat ， many feared that columbus would fall off the edge of the earth 。
a 。 having believed b 。 believing c 。 believed d 。 being believed
② _______ a teacher in a university ， it is necessary to have at least a master ‘ s degree 。
a 。 to become b 。 become c 。 one becomes d 。 on becoming
③ realizing that he hadn ‘ t enough money and ____ to borrow from his father ， he decided to sell his watch 。
a 。 not wanted b 。 no to want c 。 not wanting d 。 wanting not
④ ___ it or not ， his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles 。
a 。 believe b 。 to believe c 。 believing d 。 believed
从以上各题来看，考查的侧重点有：
(1) 状语类别的判断
不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同，目的状语要求用不定式，如②。
(2) 非谓语动词与句子属于之间的逻辑关系
根据主谓关系或动宾关系的不同来确定用现在分词还是用过去分词。
(3) 非谓语动词的否定形式
not 否定非谓语动词时置于非谓语动词之前，如③。
(4) 独立成分
有些非谓语动词的使用不受与主语关系的限制，称为独立成分，这类成 分只记忆即可。如：
generally speaking ， judging from ……， to tell the truth ……， 等
虚拟语气：
一． 虚拟语气
1. if 句中虚拟形式
if 引导的非真实条件句（纯粹假设或发生的可能性不大）：
条件 从句 主句
与现在相反 did (be were) would/ should/ might/ could do
与将来相反 did (be were) would/ should/ might/ could do
与过去相反 had done would/ should/ might/ could have done
例句
If we left (leave) now, we should arrive in time.
If they hadn’t gone on vacation, their house wouldn’t have been broken (break) into.
2. 原形虚拟：
a. 表命令、决定、要求、建议等词语之后的 that- 分句中，用动词原形。
suggest, demand, advise, propose, order, arrange, insist, command, require, request, desire …… that ＋ (should) do
例如 He suggested that we should leave early.
My suggestion is that we should tell him.
b. It is (was) 形容词 / 名词 that …… (should) do/
例如 It is absolutely essential that all the facts be examined first.
3. 一些句型中的虚拟形式：
1. It’s (high, about, the first, etc.) time (that) … 动词过去时 …
例如 It’s time we left. 例如 It is time we went to bed.
2 would rather/sooner 宁愿
as if/ though 好像
would rather/sooner 谓语用过去时 与现在或者将来相反
as if/ though 谓语用过去完成时 与过去相反
练习
1. I _______ try it again if I_______you.
A. will ； am B. should ； am C. would ； were D. would ； had been
2. If it _______ not for the water ， the plants _______live.
A. were ； would not B. is ； could not C. were ； could D. did ； could not
3. If I _______ that chance to show my ability , I _______the president of this school.
A. have not had ； could not become B. had not had ； would not have become
C. did not have ； could not become D. doesn ’ t have ； will not become
4. He _______ by that burglar if you _______ to save him.
A. might have been killed ； hadn ’ t come B. will be killed ； didn ’ t come
C. may be killed ； did ’ t come D. could be killed ； haven ’ t come
5. If it _______for your help ， I _______that hard time with so little money.
A. were not ； would not spend B. is not ； can not spend
C. had not been ； would not have spent D. have not been ； will not spend
6. Where _______ you go if war _______?
A. will ； breaks out B. do ； will break out
C. would ； were to break out D. will ； is to break out
7. She wishes she _______ that humiliating thing.
A. doesn ’ t do B. didn ’ t do C. haven ’ t done D. hadn ’ t done
8. The chairman suggested that the meeting _______ put off.
A. can be B. be C. is D. will be
9. It is vital that he _______ immediately.
A. should go B. must go C. goes D. went
10. It is time we _______do our homework.
A. begin to B. can begin to C. began to D. will begin to
答案：
1. 选 C 。表示与现在事实相反的假设 ( 指现在的假设 ) ( 译文 ; 如果我是你，我会再试一次 )
2 选 A 。表示与现在事实相反的假设 ( 指现在的假设 ) 。 ( 译文：要是没有水，植物就不能存活。 )
3. 选 B 。表示与过去事实相反的假设。
4 A 。表示与过去事实相反的假设。 ( 译文：要不是你来救他，他早就被那个窃贼杀了。 )
5. C 。与过去事实相反的假设。 ( 译：要没有你帮忙，我那点儿钱是无法度过那段艰苦岁月的。 )
6. 选 C 。表示与将来事实相反的假设。 ( 译文：要是战争爆发了，你会上哪儿去？ )
7. 选 D 。虚拟语气用于宾语从句。 ( 译文：她真希望自己没有做过那件丢脸的事情。 )
8. 选 B 。虚拟语气用于表示“建议”等意义的动词后。 ( 译文：主席建议会议延期举行。 )
9. 选 A 。虚拟语气用于主语从句 (It is ／ was + 形容词 + that 引导的分句 ) 。
10. 选 C 。虚拟语气用于定语从句 It is time (that)… 句型。 ( 译文：我们该开始做作业了。 )
二．动词的时态
1. 各个时态动词基本变形
| 一般现在时 be(is,am,are) do/does | 现在进行时 be (is/am/are)+ doing | 现在完成时 have/has done | 现在完成进行时 have/has been doing |
| 一般过去时 was/were did | 过去进行时 was/were doing | 过去完成时 had done | 过去完成进行时 had been doing |
| 一般将来时 will do | 将来进行时 will do | 将来完成 will have done | 将来完成进行时 will have been doing |
| 一般过去将来时 would do | 过去将来进行时 would be doing | 过去将来完成时 would have done | 过去将来完成进行时 would have been doing |
2. 时间状语与动词时态的搭配
一定的时态往往和一定的时间状语连用。
always ,usually, sometimes, 一般现在时 do/does am is are
last week, yesterday, a few days ago 一般过去时 did was/ were
next week, tomorrow, in a week, this year 一般将来时 will do
now, at present, at this moment 现在进行时 be +doing
so far, up to now, by the time, since 的主句 现在完成时 has/have done
3. 练习，用动词的适当形式填空
1. He _______ (be) eighteen next year.
2. It _______ (rain) every day so far this month.
3. Mozart _______ (write) more than 600 pieces of music.
4. If it _______ (rain) tomorrow ， we ’ ll have to stay at home.
5. How fast _______ he _______ (drive) when the accident happened?
6. By the time Mr. Smith left school ， he _______ (teach) that course for twenty-five years.
7. Perhaps he _______ (finish) reading the book by this time tomorrow.
1. 填 will be 。 next year 为表示将来时态的时间状语
2. 填 has rained 。 so far 是“到目前为止”的意思，常和现在完成时搭配使用。
3. 填 wrote 。 Mozart ( 莫扎特 ) 是已去世的音乐家，故应使用过去时。
4. 填 rains 。在条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情。
5. 填 was…driving 。 表示过去某一时刻发生的动作要用过去进行时。
6. 填 had taught 。句中有 by the time Mr. Smith left school ， 主语的谓语应用过去完成时。
7. 填 will have finished 。 句中有 by this time tomorrow ，主语的谓语应用将来完成时。
三 动词的被动语态
1. 各个时态的被动语态
| 时态 | 一般现在时 | 现在进行时 | 一般过去时 | 过去进行时 | 一般将来时 | 过去将来时 | 现在完成时 | 过去完成时 | 现在完成进行时 | 将来完成时 |
| 主动 | do | am/is/are doing | did | was/ were doing | will do | would do | has/ have done | had done | has/ have been doing | will have done |
| 被动 | am/is/are done | am/is/are being done | was/ were done | was/ were being done | will be done | would be done | has/ have been done | had been done | will have been done | |
1. The construction of the library_______ before the end of next month.
A. must have completed B. must have been completed
C. must be completed D. must complete
2. The subject of these lectures _______ by the lecture committee.
A. announces B. have been announced
C. announced D. has been announced
3. My pictures _______ until next week.
A. won ’ t develop B. aren ’ t developing
C. don ’ t develop D. won ’ t be developed
4. They _______ so that we wouldn ’ t recognize them.
A. costumed B. disguised C. were disguising D.were disguised
5. All the apparatus ( 器械 ) _______ before the experiment began.
A. had been prepared B. were prepared C. had been prepared D. had prepared
6. The world ’ s supplies of copper _______ .
A. have been gradually being exhausted B. has gradually exhausted
C. are gradually exhausted D. are being gradually exhausted
7. The goods _______ when we arrived at the airport.
A. were just unloading B. were just being unloaded
C. had just unloaded D. were just been unloaded
8. Tom _______ the best student in his class.
A. regards B. regards as C. has regarded as D. is regarded as
9. The sports meeting _______ because of the bad weather.
A. put off B. was put off C. was putted off D. has put off
1. C 。情态动词的被动语态为：情态动词 +be+ done 。 ( 译：到下月底图书馆的修建必须完工 )
2. D 现在完成时的被动语态为： h ave been+ done ( 译：讲座的课题已由讲座委员会宣布了。 )
3. D 。一般将来时的被动语态为： will be+ done ，其否定形式为： will not be +done
4. D 一般过去时的被动语态为 was / were+ 过去分词 ( 译 : 为了不让我们认出来 , 他们伪装了起来 )
5. C 。过去完成时的被动语态的构成为： had been+ 过去分词。
6. D 现在进行时的被动语态为： are / is / am being+ 过去分词。 ( 译 : 世界的铜资源正逐渐被耗尽 )
7. B 。过去进行时的被动语态为： was ／ were being+ 过去分词。 ( 译 : 我们到机场时正在卸货物。 )
8. D 。 ( 译文：汤姆被认为是班里最好的学生。 )
9. B 。 ( 译文：运动会因天气不好被取消了。 )
四 定语从句
1. 定语从句（ Attributive Clauses ）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常紧跟在先行词后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有： who, whom, whose, that, which 等。
关系副词有： when, where, why 等。
例题： The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds ， _______ could go
penniless by next year.
A. the large one B. the larger of which
C. the largest one D. the largest of which
选 B 。因为前面有 two ，所以不能选 D ， A 没有连接手段，也不能选。
三级试题中定语从句的考题：
1 、 I tried to get of the business _____ I found impossible to carry on.
A) why B)which C)what D)where
2 、 Once more I have to leave Beijing , _____ I have been living for eight years.
A) that B)where C)which D)as
3 、 This book is designed for the leaners_____native languages are not English.
A)whose B)which C)who D)what
4 、 She got to know the young man very well_____she had worked for so long.
A)to whom B)in whom C)whom D)with whom
5 、 The hotel_____during the vacation was rather poorly managed.
A)as I stayed B)where I stayed C)which I stayed D)what I stayed
6 、 There are so many dresses there that I really don’t know____to choose.
A)whether B)when C)which D)why
7 、 I think that Anna is_____far the most active member in our group.
A)with B)at C)as D)by
五．倒装
1. 当 only 放在句首，表示强调时，要用倒装
例： Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法，你才可以解决这个问题。
Only yesterday did I finish the book. 到昨天我才读完那本书。
2. 具有否定意义的副词或词组用于句首，要用倒装，助动词，情态动词放主语之前。常见的否定词有： never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, not until, by no means, not only, neither, no sooner, hardly 等。
例句： Never shall I forget the days when you were with us.
1 、 Olny when we had finished all the work_____that it was too late to take a bus home.
A)did we realize B)informing C)informed D)to inform
2 、 Not until the day before yesterday_____to give a speech at the meeting.
A)he agreed B)does he agree C)he agrees D)did he agree
3 、 Young_____he is, he has proved to be an able sale sman.
A)that B)who C)as D)which
4 、 Not until yesterday_____anything about the project that will be completed soon.
A)did I learn B)have I learnt C)I learnt D)that I learnt
5 、 He is used to flying by air and on no occasion_____frightened.
A)he has ever felt B)he ever feels C)ever does he feel D)has he ever felt
6 、 So_____after she learned the good news that she could hardly fall asleep that night.
A)excited the mother was B)was the mother excited
C)the mother was excited D)excited was the mother
7 、 So loudly_____that people could hear it out in the street.
A)did the students play the music B)the students playing the music
C)the students played the music D)have the students played the music
六． it 的用法
1.it 作形式主语或者形式宾语
It is necessary for us to learn English. it 这里指代 to learn English
It was not very clear what she meant. it 这里指代 what she meant
2. it 在强调句型
强调句型的结构为： It is/was + 被强调部分 + that(who) + 句子的其余部分
练习 1. It was only when I read his poems recently _______ I began to appreciate their beauty.
A. until B. that C. then D. so
选 B 。 强调句型强调 when 引导的时间状语从句。
2.It was about 600 years ago _______the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
A. that B. until C. before D. when
选 A 。 强调句型强调时间状语。
七．形容词比较级 比较级 最高级
1. 不规则变法 good/well better best
bad worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
2. 形容词比较级结构
(1) 形容词 +than 例句： Real friendship is more valuable than money. (2) the + 形容词比较级， the + 形容词比较级 例句： The more medicine I take, the worse I feel.
词组：
1 (see 、 hear 、 notice 、 find 、 feel 、 listen to 、 look at ( 感官动词 )+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump
2 （比较级 and 比较级） 表示越来越怎么样
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人
5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界
7 along with 同 …… 一道，伴随 …… eg : I will go along with you 我将和你一起去
the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树
8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的
10 ask for …… 求助 向 … 要 … （直接接想要的东西） eg : ask you for my book
11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么
12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
13 at the age of 在 …… 岁时 eg ： I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen
14 at the beginning of …… …… 的起初 ； …… 的开始
15 at the end of + 地点 /+ 时间 最后 ； 尽头 ； 末尾 eg : At the end of the day
16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause + 从句 感觉 / 对什么有信心，自信
eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test
18 be + doing 表： 1 现在进行时 2 将来时
19 be able to (+ v 原 ) = can (+ v 原） 能够 …… eg : She is able to sing She can sing
20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing
21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕 …… eg : I’m afraed to go out at night I’m afraid of dog
22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么
eg: I’m allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视
23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don’t be angry with me
24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气
25 be as… 原级 …as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高
26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从 …… 离开
29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好
30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于 ……
32 be careful 当心；小心 33 be different from…… 和什么不一样
34 be famous for 以 …… 著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好
36 be from = come from 来自 eg ： He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ?
37 be full of 装满 …… 的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water
38 be glad+to+do/ 从句 39 be going to + v( 原） 将来时
40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长 , 善于 ……
41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English
42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事
43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处
eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处
Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处
44 be in good health 身体健康
45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble
46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣
47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到
48 be like 像 …… eg : I’m like my mother
49 be mad at 生某人的气
50 be made from 由 …… 制成 ( 制成以后看不见原材料 )
51 be made of 由 …… 制成 ( 制成以后还看得见原材料 ) 52 be not sure 表不确定
53 be on a visit to 参观 54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎
55 be quiet 安静 56 be short for 表 ** 的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰
57 be sick in bed 生病在床 58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you
59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you
61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He’s strict in obeying noles
62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么
65 be sure 表确定 66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well
67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I’m sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑（老师）
68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I’m suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试
69 be sure to do sth 一定会做某事 eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语
70 be terrified of + 名 / 动 doing 害怕 …… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事
72 be the same as … 和什么一样 73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事
eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早 He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉
74 be worth doing 值得做什么 75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句
76 because+ 句子 because of + 短语
eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache
77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么
eg : Let’s begin the game with the song I begin to go home
78 between…and… 两者之间
79 borrow sth from sb 向 …… 借 …… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给 …… 什么东西
eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen
80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同
81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth
eg : I’m sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station
我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了
He’s bothering me to lend him money
82 by the end of 到 …… 为止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang
84 care 关心 eg : Don’t you care about this country’s future ? 你为什么不关心国家的未来
85 catch up with sb 赶上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地
87 come in 进 88 come over to 过来
89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗？
90 communicate with sb 和某人交流
91 consider + doing 考虑做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州？
92 dance to 随着 …… 跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞
93 decide to do sth 决定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查 95 do better in 在 …… 方面做得更好
96 do wrong 做错 97 Don’t forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Don’t mind +doing / 从句 / 名词 不要介意 ……
99 each + 名（单）每一个 …eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书 100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing 喜欢 102 escape from 从 …… 逃跑 eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison 犯人从监狱里逃跑出来 103 expect to do sth 期待做某事 104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来 105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么
106 far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样
108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成 +doing （名词）
110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人 111 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don’t forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from…to… 从某某到某某 eg: From me for her
113 get /have sth down 做完，被（别人）做 …eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发 ( 头发被剪了）
Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了）
114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好
116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处 117 get ready for = be ready for 为什么而准备 eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻 119 get sb to do sth
120 get…from… 从某处得到某物 121 give a talk 做报告 eg: He is give a tall
122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物 123 go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳
124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事 125 go out away from go out of
126 go to school 上学（用于专业的） go to the school 去学校（不一定是上学） 127 good way to 好方法
128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doing 讨厌做过的事
129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会 130 have a talk 听报告 谈一谈
131 have been doing 现在完成进行时 eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since
132 have been to …( 地方） …… 去过某过地方 have gone to … （地方） 去了某地还没回来
133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴 134 have sth to do 有什么事要做
eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做
135 have to do sth 必须做某事
136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦
137 have…time +doing
138 have…( 时间 )…off 放 …… 假 eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假
139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事 / 正在做某事
140 help a lot 很大用处
141 help sb with sth \one’s sth 帮助某人某事（某方面） help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
142 hope to do sth 希望做某事
143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)
144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法
145 if : 是否＝ wether
eg: I don’t know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会
He don’t know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达
146 if : 如果，假如（全部接一般时态）＋条件语态从句
eg: I’ll go to LuZhou if it does’t rain 假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州
If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的
I’ll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国
147 in one’s opinion = sb think 某人认为
148 in some ways 在某些方面
149 in the end = finally(adv) 最后
150 in the north of … 什么在什么的北方 （ north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 东 ）
词形转换
词形变换归纳
一、动词→名词
01. accept → acceptance
02. appear → appearance
03. defend → defense
04. depend → dependence
05. dominate → dominance
06. emerge → emergence
07. endure → endurance
08. govern → governance
09. independ → independence
10. insist → insistence
11. maintain → maintenance
12. neglect → negligence
13. obey → obedience
14. offend → offense
15. persist → persistence
16. resist → resistance
17. analyze → analysis
18. base → basis
19. emphasize → emphasis
20. advise → advice
21. choose → choice
22. practise → practice
23. approve → approval
24. arrive → arrival
25. propose → proposal
26. believe → belief
27. prove → proof
28. bathe → bath
29. breathe → breath
30. die → death
31. grow → growth
32. heal → health
33. accomplish → accomplishment
34. achieve → achievement
35. advance → advancement
36. advertise → advertisement
37. agree → agreement
38. amaze → amazement
39. amuse → amusement
40. announce → announcement
41. appoint → appointment
42. argue → argument
43. astonish → astonishment
44. develop → development
45. disappoint → disappointment
46. employ → employment
47. encourage → encouragement
48. enjoy → enjoyment
49. enroll → enrollment
50. govern → government
51. improve → improvement
52. invest → investment
53. judge → judg(e)ment
54. manage → management
55. move → movement
56. state → statement
57. treat → treatment
58. act → action
59. add → addition
60. apply → application
61. assume → assumption
62. celebrate → celebration
63. construct → construction
64. consume → consumption
65. contribute → contribution
66. cooperate → cooperation
67. describe → description
68. devote → devotion
69. educate → education
70. explain → explanation
71. found → foundation
72. graduate → graduation
73. imagine → imagination
74. imply → implication
75. indicate → indication
76. inform → information
77. intend → intention
78. invite → invitation
79. isolate → isolation
80. liberate → liberation
81. limit → limitation
82. occupy → occupation
83. operate → operation
84. oppose → opposition
85. organize → organization
86. prepare → preparation
87. produce → production
88. pronounce → pronunciation
89. realize → realization
90. relax → relaxation
91. satisfy → satisfaction
92. separate → separation
93. suggest → suggestion
94. tempt → temptation
95. translate → translation
96. conclude → conclusion
97. confuse → confusion
98. decide → decision
99. discuss → discussion
100. exclude → exclusion
101. express → expression
102. impress → impression
103. include → inclusion
104. oppress → oppression
105. permit → permission
106. possess → possession
107. proceed → procession
108. build → building
109. mean → meaning
110. discover → discovery
111. recover → recovery
112. behave → behavior
113. fail → failure
114. forgive → forgiveness
115. identify → identity
116. know → knowledge
117. major → majority
118. marry → marriage
119. pass → passage
120. press → pressure
121. speak → speech
122. succeed → success
123. urge → urgency
124. vary → variety
125. weigh → weight
二、形容词→动词
01. able → enable
02. rich → enrich
03. sure → ensure
04. long → lengthen
05. strong → strengthen
06. high → heighten
07. broad → broaden
08. soft → soften
09. weak → weaken
10. wide → widen
三、名词→形容词
01. anger → angry
02. cloud → cloudy
03. dirt → dirty
04. friend → friendly
05. fun → funny
06. heart → hearty
07. hunger → hungry
08. health → healthy
09. luck → lucky
10. noise → noisy
11. rain → rainy
12. salt → salty
13. sleep → sleepy
14. snow → snowy
15. sun → sunny
16. taste → tasty
17. time → timely
18. wind → windy
19. worth → worthy
20. beauty → beautiful
21. care → careful
22. colo(u)r → colo(u)rful
23. dread → dreadful
24. fear → fearful
25. harm → harmful
26. help → helpful
27. joy → joyful
28. law → lawful
29. power → powerful
30. success → successful
31. thank → thankful
32. use → useful
33. wonder → wonderful
34. youth → youthful
35. anxiety → anxious
36. danger → dangerous
37. glory → glorious
38. mountain → mountainous
39. mystery → mysterious
40. nerve → nervous
41. poison → poisonous
42. atom → atomic
43. basis → basic
44. class → classic / classical
45. economy → economic / economical
46. electron → electronic
47. history → historic / historical
48. scene → scenic
49. science → scientific
50. accident → accidental
51. benefit → beneficial
52. biology → biological
53. chemistry → chemical
54. digit → digital
55. education → educational
56. globe → global
57. habit → habitual
58. industry → industrial
59. logic → logical
60. nation → national
61. nature → natural
62. occasion → occasional
63. person → personal
64. ration → rational
65. region → regional
66. season → seasonal
67. society → social / sociable
68. technology → technological
69. tradition → traditional
70. activity → active
71. effect → effective
72. defense → defensive
73. difference → different
74. intelligence → intelligent
75. ability → able
76. capability → capable
77. hono(u)r → hono(u)rable
78. horror → horrible
79. reason → reasonable
80. value → valuable
81. fool → foolish
82. fortune → fortunate
83. wool → woolen
84. amazement → amazing / amazed
85. astonishment→ astonishing/astonished
86. depression → depressing / depressed
87. excitement → exciting / excited
88. interest → interesting / interested
89. surprise → surprising / surprised
90. pleasure → pleasing / pleased
四、形容词→名词
01. active → activity
02. brave → bravery
03. careful → carefulness
04. careless → carelessness
05. cautious → caution
06. cruel → cruelty
07. dark → darkness
08. deep → depth
09. difficult → difficulty
10. free → freedom
11. high → height
12. happy → happiness
13. ill → illness
14. long → length
15. real → reality
16. sad → sadness
17. safe → safety
18. strong → strength
19. true → truth
20. wide → width
五、动词→名词（表示人）
01. act → actor / actress
02. wait → waiter / waitress
03. employ → employer / employee
04. interview → interviewer / interviewee
05. train → trainer / trainee
06. advise → adviser
07. analyze → analyst
08. apply → applicant
09. assist → assistant
10. build → builder
11. clean → cleaner
12. collect → collector
13. create → creator
14. dance → dancer
15. detect → detective
16. discover → discoverer
17. direct → director
18. drive → driver
19. edit → editor
20. educate → educator
21. farm → farmer
22. invent → inventor
23. invest → investor
24. learn → learner
25. manage → manager
26. organize → organizer
27. participate → participant
28. play → player
29. produce → producer
30. run → runner
31. serve → servant
32. sing → singer
33. speak → speaker
34. swim → swimmer
35. teach → teacher
36. translate → translator
37. travel → traveler
38. type → typist
39. visit → visitor
40. win → winner
六、名词单、复数（特殊）
01. datum → data
02. medium→ media
03. phenomenon → phenomena
04. belief → beliefs
05. chief → chiefs
06. roof → roofs
07. proof → proofs
08. key → keys
09. toy → toys
10. German → Germans
11. hero → heroes
12. Negro→ Negroes
13. potato → potatoes
14. tomato → tomatoes
15. foot → feet
16. tooth → teeth
17. mouse → mice
18. child→ children
19. means → means
20. sheep → sheep
